Article by Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa, B.A.M.S
Capabilities of Liver
Liver carries out many features within the physique. They’re primarily carried out by the hepatocytes (liver cells). It’s mentioned to be answerable for about 500 totally different features. These features are carried out by the liver in coordination with different programs and organs. About 20% of resting complete physique oxygen consumption is because of the liver.
The liver performs a serious position within the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids and lipids.
Carbohydrate metabolism
– Glycogenesis – The liver synthesizes and shops the glycogen through glycogenesis. Glycogenesis is a course of wherein glycogen is fashioned from glucose.
– Glycogenolysis – The liver breaks down the identical glycogen into glucose and releases it into the blood by performing glycogenolysis as and when the physique wants glucose.
– Gluconeogenesis – The liver takes half within the synthesis of glucose from some sorts of amino acids, lactate or glycerol. Fats is damaged down by liver cells and adipose and glycerol is produced. This glycerol is utilized by the liver for gluconeogenesis.
– Gluconeogenesis – This can be a course of wherein the liver synthesizes glycogen from lactic acid.
Protein metabolism
All – protein metabolism, synthesis and degradation are carried out by the liver. The liver is answerable for synthesizing all of the plasma proteins besides gamma-globulins and a big a part of amino acid synthesis. It additionally produces clotting components and purple blood cells. Thrombopoietin which regulates the manufacturing of platelets by the bone marrow is produced majorly within the liver.
Lipid Metabolism
Liver is concerned within the ldl cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis and triglyceride manufacturing. Main components of the physique’s lipoproteins are synthesized within the liver.
Digestion of meals
Liver additionally performs a essential position within the strategy of digestion of meals. It produces and excretes bile. Bile is required for emulsifying the fat and likewise helps in absorption of vitamin Ok from the food plan. Some a part of the bile is drained straight into the primary a part of the small gut i.e. duodenum and a few a part of it’s saved within the gallbladder.
Different features of the liver
Development issue
Insulin like progress issue 1 is a hormone which performs an essential position in childhood progress. Additionally it is produced within the liver. This issue continues to have its anabolic results even in adults.
Liver is reservoir of blood
It’s a storehouse / reservoir of blood. Liver shops massive portions of blood in its blood vessels since it’s an expandable organ. Roughly 10% of the physique’s complete blood quantity is discovered within the hepatic veins and hepatic sinuses. The liver expands because of the backpressure precipitated as a result of excessive stress in the fitting atrium of the center and half to at least one litre of additional blood is often saved within the hepatic veins and sinuses. This occurs in cardiac failure with peripheral congestion. In keeping with Wikipedia the liver is a big and expandable venous organ. It acts as a blood reservoir in occasions of extra blood quantity. It additionally provides further blood when the blood quantity is diminished.
Drug metabolism
It’s concerned in drug metabolism whereby it breaks down or modifies poisonous substances and most medicinal merchandise.
Urea cycle
It converts ammonia into urea (urea cycle) and that urea is excreted in urine.
Lymph manufacturing
Roughly half of all of the lymph which is fashioned within the physique underneath resting situations arises within the liver. This occurs as a result of excessive permeability of the liver sinusoid epithelium.
Shops essential elements
Liver permits storage of vitamin A, D, B12, Ok and E and likewise copper, iron, zinc, cobalt and molybdenum.
Haemopoietic organ
Liver is a haemopoietic organ. It varieties RBC and WBC within the embryonic stage. It varieties RBC within the fetus within the first trimester.
Blood air purifier
It purifies the blood. The Kupffer cells are concerned in phagocytosis of lifeless blood cells and micro organism from the blood.
Immunological results
The mononuclear phagocyte system current within the liver includes many immunologically energetic cells. It acts as a sieve for antigens and therefore is answerable for immunological results.
Produces albumin
Albumin, the protein within the blood serum, is produced by the liver. It maintains oncotic stress and allows transport of steroid hormones and fatty acids.
Liver helps in
– It breaks down insulin and different hormones.
– It breaks down bilirubin and facilitates its excretion into bile.
– It breaks down and excretes many waste merchandise.
– Hydrogen peroxide is damaged down into water and oxygen by the catalase enzyme produced by the liver. Hydrogen peroxide is a poisonous oxidizing agent.
Synthesizes angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen, a hormone which raises the blood stress as a response to the activation by renin, is synthesized by the liver. Renin is an enzyme which is launched by the kidney when it senses low blood stress.
Liver Regeneration
The specialty of the liver is that it’s the solely human inside organ which has the capability to regenerate its misplaced tissues. A whole liver may be regenerated from as little as 25% of liver. Bot being a real regeneration, it’s only a compensatory progress in mammals. No matter lobes have been eliminated is not going to regrow. The expansion of liver just isn’t that of its unique kind however is a restoration of perform.
Physiology of Liver – Ayurveda Perspective
In Ayurveda, the liver is known as Yakrit.
On the degree of Raktadhara Kala i.e. the membranes or layers of liver (and spleen) which participate within the formation of blood cells in good high quality and amount.
Being a Raktashaya, together with spleen, the liver acts as a reservoir of blood.
Being part of the roots of raktavaha srotas – the channels of conveyance of blood within the physique, the liver together with spleen is answerable for distribution of blood to the blood conveying channels.
Being an abode / seat of Ranjaka Pitta, the liver, together with spleen takes half within the motion of ‘rasa ranjana’ i.e. colouring the rasa tissue getting into them into purple color and reworking it into rakta – blood tissue. It additionally imparts color to the faeces and urine.
Associated Studying – Yakrit Kriya Shareera – Physiology of Liver, Ayurveda Perspective
