Minutes after it turned clear that Javier Milei had been elected president of South America’s second-largest nation in November, Elon Musk posted on X: “Prosperity is forward for Argentina.”
Since then, Mr. Musk has continued to make use of X, the social community he owns, to spice up Mr. Milei. The billionaire has shared movies of the Argentine president attacking “social justice” along with his 182 million followers. One doctored picture, which implied that watching a speech by Mr. Milei was higher than having intercourse, is amongst Mr. Musk’s most considered posts ever.
Mr. Musk has helped flip the pugnacious libertarian into one of many new faces of the fashionable proper. However offline, he has used the connection to press for advantages to his different companies, the electrical carmaker Tesla and the rocket firm SpaceX.
“Elon Musk referred to as me,” Mr. Milei stated in a tv interview weeks after taking workplace. “He’s extraordinarily within the lithium.”
Mr. Musk has declared lithium — the silvery-white factor that’s the primary element in Tesla’s automotive batteries — “the brand new oil.” Tesla has lengthy purchased lithium from Argentina, which has the world’s second-largest reserves. Now Mr. Milei is pushing for main advantages for worldwide lithium miners, which might doubtless give Tesla a extra steady — and doubtlessly cheaper — stream of one in every of its most crucial assets.
Mr. Milei is a part of a sample by Mr. Musk of fostering relationships with a constellation of right-wing heads of state, with clear beneficiaries: his firms and himself.
Mr. Musk, 52, has repeatedly used one piece of his enterprise empire — X, previously referred to as Twitter — to vocally assist politicians like Mr. Milei, Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil and Narendra Modi of India. On the platform, Mr. Musk has backed their views on gender, feted their opposition to socialism and aggressively confronted their enemies. Mr. Musk even personally intervened in X’s content material insurance policies in ways in which appeared to help Mr. Bolsonaro, two former X staff stated.
Mr. Musk, in flip, has pushed for and received company benefits for his most profitable companies, Tesla and SpaceX, in keeping with an examination by The New York Instances. In India, he secured decrease import tariffs for Tesla’s autos. In Brazil, he opened a serious new marketplace for Starlink, SpaceX’s satellite tv for pc web service. In Argentina, he solidified entry to the mineral most important to Tesla’s batteries.
Mr. Musk’s endorsement has given many nationalist and right-wing heads of state extra worldwide cachet, which they’ve eagerly promoted as a validation of their insurance policies and recognition. Final month, as India started holding an election, Mr. Modi ready to host Mr. Musk in New Delhi, calling the billionaire’s go to a testomony to his management.
“Individuals are coming, and they’re trusting me,” the Indian prime minister stated in a televised interview earlier than Mr. Musk postponed his journey.
Mr. Musk, Tesla, SpaceX and X didn’t reply to requests for remark.
No different American megabillionaire businessperson has so publicly fostered ideological relationships with world leaders to advance private politics and companies. Invoice Gates, Microsoft’s co-founder turned philanthropist, engaged in political diplomacy largely after stepping again from company life. Different chief executives sometimes keep quiet about conferences with politicians.
Mr. Musk’s politics have lengthy been guided by his companies, stated 5 former Tesla and SpaceX executives who labored intently with him and weren’t approved to talk publicly. Within the 2010s, he constructed an alliance with President Barack Obama as Tesla and SpaceX welcomed federal help and contracts. He stays near some mainstream leaders, notably President Emmanuel Macron of France.
However as populism and nationalism unfold, Mr. Musk courted Xi Jinping in China and supported Benjamin Netanyahu in Israel, Turkey’s Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Italy’s Giorgia Meloni. He started criticizing the “woke thoughts virus” and what he has declared the failings of the left, which he says have led to points comparable to unlawful immigration and declining birthrates.
“I assume if you happen to think about preventing the woke thoughts virus, which I think about to be a civilizational menace, to be political, then sure,” Mr. Musk stated in a podcast in November when requested if he was changing into extra political. “Woke thoughts virus is communism rebranded.”
INDIA
A Lengthy Recreation
In September 2015, Mr. Musk welcomed Mr. Modi to Tesla’s manufacturing unit in Fremont, Calif. Mr. Modi, a Hindu nationalist politician, had been elected India’s prime minister a yr earlier when his Bharatiya Janata Celebration swept to energy, and was visiting the USA to fulfill enterprise leaders.
Standing below Indian and U.S. flags on the manufacturing unit, Mr. Musk and Mr. Modi posed for pictures close to a gleaming pink Mannequin S automotive. They mentioned how “photo voltaic panels and battery packs” may energy rural areas in India with out electrical strains, Mr. Musk stated on the time.
“I understood his imaginative and prescient,” Mr. Modi later stated.
It was one of many first cases of Mr. Musk’s publicly assembly a nationalist chief. And it was the start of a protracted recreation between him and Mr. Modi, a relationship that took years to develop — and that began paying off for Mr. Musk after he purchased X.
India is a doubtlessly huge marketplace for Tesla, which must develop to new areas to develop. However the nation has just about barred electrical autos constructed by international producers. Lately, the tariff India imposes on imported electrical autos has risen as excessive as 100%.
Mr. Musk initially used conventional private diplomacy, assembly with Mr. Modi and ordering his workers at Tesla to get near officers. In 2017, Tesla despatched a letter to India’s authorities to kick-start talks on working within the nation. One other overture to Mr. Modi’s authorities in 2019 was rebuffed, three folks with data of the corporate stated.
After Mr. Musk purchased Twitter in 2022, he had a brand new lever. The platform, renamed X, is extensively utilized in India — together with by Mr. Modi, who has almost 98 million followers — and is a serious discussion board of political dialogue.
Earlier than Mr. Musk owned the platform, Twitter tangled with Mr. Modi’s authorities. The corporate, which complies with requests to dam sure content material in India, had sued the federal government and challenged its energy to censor on-line materials.
Underneath Mr. Musk, X blocked posts final yr that linked to a BBC documentary inspecting Mr. Modi’s position within the 2002 Hindu-Muslim riots in Gujarat, the place he was the chief minister on the time. Twitter’s lawsuit towards the Indian authorities was dismissed in July.
In a dialogue final yr with Twitter staff, Mr. Musk intimated that he was personally shut with Mr. Modi. He stated he may simply name the prime minister to deal with a content material challenge, two former staff stated. It’s unclear if any dialog occurred.
Mr. Musk met Mr. Modi in individual once more final June when the prime minister visited New York. He referred to as himself a “fan of Modi” and stated Mr. Modi was “pushing us to make vital funding in India, which is one thing that we intend to do.”
By then, Tesla staff had been once more speaking with Mr. Modi’s advisers a few discount in tariffs and investing in India, two folks acquainted with the conversations stated. Rohan Patel, who was Tesla’s vice chairman of public coverage and enterprise growth, traveled to India a number of occasions, and Piyush Goyal, India’s commerce minister, visited the Fremont manufacturing unit in November.
In January, Mr. Musk posted on X that India ought to obtain a everlasting seat on the United Nations Safety Council, which might enhance India’s worldwide standing. “India not having a everlasting seat on the Safety Council, regardless of being probably the most populous nation on Earth, is absurd,” he wrote.
The timing means that Mr. Modi seen. Two months later, India introduced it was decreasing some import duties for electrical carmakers that dedicated at the least $500 million to provide autos within the nation. The coverage dropped tariffs to fifteen % of a automotive’s worth from 100%, particularly for electrical autos that retail for greater than $35,000.
The outline match Tesla to a T. Its Mannequin 3 automobiles ship at $38,990. BYD, the fast-growing Chinese language electrical car maker, is barred from investing in India on nationwide safety grounds.
Final month, Tesla scouted potential manufacturing unit websites in three Indian states, three folks acquainted with the method stated. Mr. Musk had additionally stated he would go to Mr. Modi in New Delhi throughout the nation’s multiweek normal election, earlier than delaying the journey, citing obligations with Tesla.
Mr. Musk promised to not keep away for lengthy. “I do very a lot stay up for visiting later this yr,” he wrote on X.
BRAZIL
‘True Legend of Freedom’
By 2021, Mr. Musk was using an analogous courtship to deliver his Starlink satellite tv for pc web service to Brazil, which was then led by Mr. Bolsonaro, the right-wing populist president elected three years earlier. On the time, Starlink was in its infancy, with fewer than 150,000 customers throughout 25 international locations.
In October 2021, Fábio Faria, Brazil’s communications minister and an organizer of Mr. Bolsonaro’s re-election marketing campaign, despatched a letter to Mr. Musk, saying that “Starlink and Brazil can turn into nice companions,” in keeping with correspondence obtained by means of the nation’s open data legal guidelines.
Weeks later, Mr. Faria visited Mr. Musk in Texas. After returning to Brazil, Mr. Faria pushed regulators to approve Starlink, at one level urging Brazil’s area company to remain out of any debate about SpaceX’s satellites over the nation, he later testified to Brazil’s Congress.
Brazil’s regulators accepted Starlink for operation in December 2021, seven months after the service first utilized. It was the quickest of 5 approvals that regulators granted to satellite tv for pc web suppliers.
Mr. Musk later lent a hand to Mr. Bolsonaro, who confronted an uphill battle in his 2022 re-election marketing campaign.
On Might 20 that yr, Mr. Musk made a shock journey to Brazil for a serious announcement alongside the president. Starlink was coming to the nation, and it will present web connectivity to 19,000 rural faculties, in addition to environmental monitoring of the Amazon, they stated at an occasion in a resort close to São Paulo. Mr. Bolsonaro gave Mr. Musk a medal and referred to as him a “true legend of freedom” for his bid that yr to purchase Twitter.
There was only one catch: The plan to attach faculties by no means materialized, stated Carlos Baigorri, Brazil’s chief telecommunications regulator, who helped approve Starlink’s entry into the nation. “I don’t actually suppose that it even existed,” he stated of the plan.
Brazilian officers stated that they had no document of Starlink’s connecting Brazilian faculties without spending a dime or conducting environmental monitoring.
Mr. Musk and Mr. Bolsonaro benefited anyway. Mr. Musk had entrenched SpaceX in a important market, the place Starlink now has 150,000 energetic accounts, in keeping with Brazil’s telecommunications regulator. Mr. Bolsonaro’s marketing campaign received to advertise the president’s enterprise acumen and solid him as a defender of the Amazon earlier than an election.
Mr. Musk’s favor didn’t forestall Mr. Bolsonaro from dropping the presidency to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Brazil’s leftist former president, in October 2022. However inside weeks, Mr. Musk, who had simply accomplished his deal for Twitter, tried serving to Mr. Bolsonaro once more.
Mr. Bolsonaro’s supporters had began pushing accusations on Twitter that Brazilian judges had tilted the election by ordering social networks to take away right-wing posts and accounts. As they camped outdoors army bases demanding the election be overturned, Mr. Musk fed their suspicions by suggesting that Twitter’s former bosses had contributed to Mr. Bolsonaro’s defeat.
“It’s attainable that Twitter personnel gave choice to left wing candidates,” he posted in December 2022, with out citing any proof. He later wrote that the corporate “might have folks on the Brazil staff which might be strongly politically biased.”
Mr. Musk received concerned in deciding which posts about Brazil’s election outcomes ought to keep up or be taken down, two former Twitter staff stated. Even after Mr. Musk was briefed in regards to the danger of violence in Brazil that winter, he ordered staff to cease implementing Twitter’s election guidelines within the nation, together with a coverage forbidding customers to unfold deceptive claims about election outcomes, they stated. He informed them to take away solely posts that straight incited violence or had been topic to a court docket order.
In January 2023, 1000’s of Mr. Bolsonaro’s supporters stormed Brazil’s Congress, Supreme Court docket and presidential workplaces, below the false perception that the election had been stolen.
Mr. Musk has since used X to assault one in every of Mr. Bolsonaro’s primary political opponents, Alexandre de Moraes, a Brazilian Supreme Court docket justice who has overseen investigations into the previous president and his supporters. X has blocked greater than 100 accounts on orders from Justice Moraes, who has stated a lot of them threatened Brazil’s democracy.
“This decide has openly and repeatedly betrayed the structure and folks of Brazil,” Mr. Musk posted on X in April. “He ought to resign or be impeached.”
At a rally referred to as by Mr. Bolsonaro in Rio de Janeiro final month, his supporters held indicators thanking Mr. Musk.
When Mr. Bolsonaro addressed the group, he hailed the billionaire as “the person who actually preserves true freedom for us all.”
ARGENTINA
A Assembly of the Minds
In 2022, one in every of Tesla’s lithium suppliers introduced a $1.1 billion funding to develop in Argentina. Since then, Mr. Musk has taken a eager curiosity in Argentine politics — and notably Mr. Milei — resulting in probably the most pronounced bromances amongst Mr. Musk’s political relationships.
Mr. Milei “can be fairly a change,” Mr. Musk wrote on X in September in response to a publish from the previous Fox Information host Tucker Carlson, who had referred to as the then-candidate “Argentina’s subsequent president.”
Mr. Milei, a libertarian economist and TV pundit, campaigned on getting the federal government out of the financial system and tying Argentina extra intently to the USA. Like Mr. Musk, he often insults critics, has an intense social media behavior and is deeply fearful in regards to the menace from “woke” tradition.
Days earlier than Mr. Milei’s inauguration in December, they spoke straight for the primary time, and Mr. Musk requested about Argentina’s lithium. Within the months since, Mr. Milei has been pushing laws that might make extracting Argentina’s lithium much more enticing to international buyers.
His sweeping invoice, which might grant him broad emergency powers over Argentina’s financial system and power for the following yr, features a main profit for Tesla: vital incentives for international buyers in massive initiatives, notably in mining.
Such firms would obtain substantial tax cuts, customs exemptions and foreign-exchange advantages, in addition to tax and regulatory certainty for the following 30 years. Tesla’s lithium provider is more likely to qualify. In that case, Mr. Milei’s plan would give Tesla uncommon stability and predictability in its entry to lithium in Argentina till at the least 2054.
The proposal handed Argentina’s decrease chamber of Congress on April 30.
Mr. Musk has already seen different dividends from Mr. Milei. In one in every of his first acts as president, Mr. Milei handed an govt order with 366 provisions. When summarizing the highlights of the order in a televised handle, Mr. Milei talked about only one company model by title: Starlink.
SpaceX had pushed for Starlink’s approval in Argentina since 2022, however confronted a bureaucratic jam. Mr. Milei shortly reduce laws on satellite tv for pc web, and Starlink started working within the nation in March.
Mr. Milei, in flip, has benefited: Mr. Musk has turn into his most influential on-line promoter. In January, Mr. Musk shared movies of Mr. Milei’s speech on the World Financial Discussion board, through which the chief claimed communism and social justice had been the principle threats to the West.
The posts set off a frenzy of reward for the Argentine throughout right-wing corners of the web, together with from Donald J. Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, who met with Mr. Milei in February on the Conservative Political Motion Convention outdoors Washington. Mr. Milei hugged Mr. Trump and informed him he was rooting for him.
Final month, Mr. Milei traveled to Austin, Texas, to go to Mr. Musk at Tesla’s manufacturing unit there. The 2 males agreed to “open markets and defend the concepts of freedom,” in keeping with a press release from Mr. Milei’s workplace. The assertion didn’t point out lithium.
Later, Gerardo Werthein, Argentina’s ambassador to the USA, informed the Argentine newspaper La Nación that the pair had certainly mentioned Argentina’s mineral reserves.
Mr. Musk “had an excellent view of all the pieces we now have,” Mr. Werthein stated, “particularly lithium.”
On Monday, Mr. Musk and Mr. Milei met once more, this time at a convention in Los Angeles. Mr. Milei referred to as the entrepreneur “my pal” in a speech through which he praised Mr. Musk’s effort to succeed in Mars. Just a few hours later, Mr. Musk posted a photograph of the 2 males with their thumbs up.
“I like to recommend investing in Argentina,” he wrote.
Reporting was contributed by Jason Horowitz from Rome, Kate Conger from San Francisco, Sameer Yasir from New Delhi, Paulo Motoryn from Brasília, Lucía Cholakian Herrera from Buenos Aires and Ishaan Jhaveri from New York.
