The sixth chapter of KalpaSiddhiSthanam of Ashtanga Hridayam is known as as Dravyakalpam. This chapter offers with the reason of ‘Chapter on pharmaceutics’.
The subjects lined on this chapter embrace –
- Prasastha aushadha – finest herbs, medicines that are appropriate for medical use
- Panca Kasaya
- Ausadha Matra – dose of recipes
- Ausadha Matra – dose of recipes
- Snehapaka Lakshana – Indicators to look at for completion of cooking of natural oil or ghee
- Avaleha paka lakshana – indicators of completion of preparation of natural jams
- Forms of snehapaka
- Utility of sneha, primarily based on degree of paka
- Mana – items of measurement – simplified method
- Guidelines for taking recent herbs when dry herbs aren’t accessible
- Detailed Mana paribhasha – items of measurements
- Place for herb assortment
Pledge by the creator (s)
अथातो द्रव्यकल्पं व्याख्यास्याम: ।
इति ह स्माहुरात्रेयादयो महर्षय: ।
After having supplied prayers to the God, henceforth we’re going to clarify the chapter pertaining to the reason of ‘chapter of pharmaceutics’.
Thus say (pledge) Atreya and different sages.
Prasastha aushadha: Greatest herbs, medicines that are appropriate for medical use
धन्वे साधारणे देशे समे सन्मृत्तिके शुचौ ।
श्मशानचैत्यायतनश्वभ्रवल्मीकवर्जिते ॥ १ ॥
मृदौ प्रदक्षिणजले कुशरोहिषसंस्तृते ।
अफालकृष्टेऽनाक्रान्ते पादपैर्बलवत्तरैः ॥ २ ॥
शस्यते भेषजं जातं युक्तं वर्णरसादिभिः ।
जन्त्वजग्धं दवादग्धमविदग्धं च वैकृतैः ॥ ३ ॥
भूतैश्छायातपाम्ब्वाद्यैर्यथाकालं च सेवितम् ।
अवगाढमहामूलमुदीचीं दिशमाश्रितम् ॥ ४ ॥
Herbs grown in desert areas, temperate areas, areas that are even, areas that are even, are clear, areas other than a burial floor, Buddhist monastery (or place close to an enormous tree) roads, ravines, and ant hills, of sentimental mud with supply of water situated on the appropriate aspect, space lined with kuśa – Desmostachya bipinnata and rohiṣa – Cymbopogon martinii, not tiled by plough and never occupied by huge timber are superb for use as medicines. Herbs endowed with good colors, style and so forth, not eaten by bugs, not burnt by forest hearth, not burnt in some other method, not irregular the least bit, which have been nourished properly by the Bhutas (5 components), shade, daylight, water and so forth. at applicable seasons, these that are unfold broad, huge roots unfold within the northern route are superb.
महेन्द्ररामकृष्णानां ब्राह्मणानां गवामपि ।
तपसा तेजसा वाऽपि प्रशाम्यध्वं शिवाय वै ॥ ४+ (१) ॥
मन्त्रेणानेन मतिमान् सर्वमप्यौषधं नयेत् ॥ ४+ (२)अब् ॥
अथ कल्याणचरितः श्राद्धः शुचिरुपोषितः ।
गृह्णीयादौषधं सुस्थं स्थितं काले च कल्पयेत् ॥ ५ ॥
सक्षीरं तदसम्पत्तावनतिक्रान्तवत्सरम् ।
ऋते गुडघृतक्षौद्रधान्यकृष्णाविडङ्गतः ॥ ६ ॥
पयो बाष्कयणं ग्राह्यं विण्मूत्रं तच्च नीरुजाम् ।
वयोबलवतां धातुपिच्छशृङ्गखुरादिकम् ॥ ७ ॥
The sensible doctor ought to accumulate all of the herbs uttering the next hymns, you benevolent herb, relive the sufferings of Mahendra, Rama, Krishna, the Brahmanas the cows, by your energy and radiance and do them good. Then the doctor after performing auspicious rites, with devotion in thoughts, clear (in gown and so forth) having fasted (the earlier night time), ought to accumulate the herbs that are present in an excellent place and on the correct season, ought to be administered together with its sap (in inexperienced state). If that isn’t attainable, herbs ought to be collected, that are aged not multiple yr besides jaggery, ghee, honey, grains, kṛṣṇā – Piper longum and viḍaṅgataḥ – Embelia ribes. Milk, dung and urine of cows which have a younger calf and (devoid of ailments) in good well being, ought to be collected to be used. Tissues (blood, muscle, fats and so forth), feathers, horns, hoof and so forth. of animals and birds, that are of their youth and in good power ought to be collected.
Pancha Kashaya
कषाययोनयः पञ्च रसा लवणवर्जिताः ।
रसः कल्कः शृतः शीतः फाण्टश्चेति प्रकल्पना ॥ ८ ॥
पञ्चधैव कषायाणां पूर्वं पूर्वं बलाधिका ।
Besides the salt the (herbs of) 5 tastes are the supply of the Kasaya (formulae) recent juice, paste, decoction, chilly infusion, sizzling infusion are the 5 sorts of recipes, herbs formulations every previous one, stronger than its succeeding.
सद्यःसमुद्धृतात्क्षुण्णाद्यः स्रवेत्पटपीडितात् ॥ ९ ॥
स्वरसः स समुद्दिष्टः कल्कः पिष्टो द्रवाप्लुतः ।
चूर्णोऽप्लुतः शृतः क्वाथः शीतो रात्रिं द्रवे स्थितः ॥ १० ॥
सद्योऽभिषुतपूतस्तु फाण्टस्तन्मानकल्पने ।
The juice taken out from a recent (inexperienced) herb, properly pounded and strained after squeezing by means of fabric and is named Svarasa (recent juice/ native juice) Kalka (paste) is that macerated with any liquid; when not macerated with liquid it’s known as curna (powder). Srta (or quatha) is decoction (boiled in any liquid), chilly infusion is that soaked in any liquid and stored in a single day (after which filtered). Phanta (sizzling infusion) is soaked in any heat liquid, stirring it, filtering by means of fabric and utilizing it instantly.
Aushadha Matra: Dose of recipes
युञ्ज्याद्व्याध्यादिबलतस्तथा च वचनं मुनेः ॥ ११ ॥
मात्राया न व्यवस्थास्ति व्याधिं कोष्ठं बलं वयः ।
आलोच्य देशकालौ च योज्या तद्वच्च कल्पना ॥ १२ ॥
The dose of those (recipes/herbs varieties) ought to be determined each for the herb and for the recipe (herb type); in accordance with (applicable to) the power of illness and so forth., by following the phrases of the muni (Caraka) ‘there isn’t a mounted/ inflexible association of the dose, these ought to be decided after contemplating the illness, nature of the alimentary tract of the affected person his power and age, the land (nature of) and time (season), incorporate similar rule for kalpana (recipe).
Aushadha Matra: Medium dose
मध्यं तु मानं निर्दिष्टं स्वरसस्य चतुःपलम् ।
The medium dose specified of recent juice is 4 Pala (192 grams).
Aushadha Matra: Dose of recipes
पेष्यस्य कर्षमालोड्यं तद्द्रवस्य पलत्रये ॥ १३ ॥
The medium dose of Peshya – kalka – paste and Churna – powder is 1 Karsha (12 grams). It’s administered blended with 3 Pala (144 ml) of liquids.
Aushadha Matra – dose of recipes: Kwatha
क्वाथं द्रव्यपले कुर्यात्प्रस्थार्धं पादशेषितम् ।
Decoction is ready by 1 Pala = 48 grams of Dravya – herb powder blended with Ardhaprastha (384 ml) of water, boiled and diminished to padashesha (1 / 4, i.e. 96 ml).
Ausadha Matra – dose of recipes: Hima
शीतं पले पलैः षड्भिश्चतुर्भिस्तु ततोऽपरम् ॥ १४ ॥
Hima Kalpana chilly infusion is ready with 1 pala (48 grams) of herbs blended with 6 pala (288 ml) of water, the opposite one Phanta is ready with 1 pala (48 grams) of herbs blended with 4 pala (192 ml) of water.
Sneha Matra: Proportions
स्नेहपाके त्वमानोक्तौ चतुर्गुणविवर्धितम् ।
कल्कस्नेहद्रवं योज्यमधीते शौनकः पुनः ॥ १५ ॥
स्नेहे सिध्यति शुद्धाम्बुनिःक्वाथस्वरसैः क्रमात्।
कल्कस्य योजयेदंशं चतुर्थं षष्ठमष्टमम् ॥ १६ ॥
पृथक् स्नेहसमं दद्यात्पञ्चप्रभृति तु द्रवम् ।
In Snehapaka – preparation of natural oil or natural ghee, if the portions aren’t specified, then, natural paste, oil or ghee, liquids ought to be taken 4 occasions to the earlier ones. Meaning 1 a part of natural paste, 4 elements of oil or ghee and 16 elements of liquids. As per grasp Shaunaka, oil or ghee is ready (when the liquid used for Snehapaka will not be specified) from pure water/decoction/ juice extract through the use of because the liquid in that order, then the amount of Kalka (paste) ought to be 1/4th, 1/sixth and 1/eighth to that of Sneha (oil or ghee). (This implies, if water is the liquid, then kalka: Sneha: water = 1:4:16, If kwatha is the liquid, then kalka: Sneha: water = 1:6:24,
If Swarasa – natural juice extract is used, then kalka: Sneha: water = 1:8:32) When the variety of liquids utilized in Snehapaka is greater than 5, then all 5 liquids ought to be utilized in equal proportions.
Snehapaka Lakshana: Indicators to look at for completion of cooking of natural oil or ghee
नाङ्गुलीग्राहिता कल्के न स्नेहेऽग्नौ सशब्दता ॥ १७ ॥
शुष्कद्रव्यं यदा न स्यात्तदा सद्यःसमुद्धृतम् ।
द्विगुणं तत्प्रयोक्तव्यं कुडवादि द्रवं तथा ॥ १७१+१ ॥
वर्णादिसम्पच्च यदा तदैनं शीघ्रमाहरेत्।
घृतस्य फेनोपशमस्तैलस्य तु तदुद्भवः ॥ १८ ॥
The indicators of Snehapaka are – The Kalka can’t be held by the finger. It turns into unctuous and slimy. When the oil or ghee is placed on hearth, there won’t be sound. There will probably be correct coloration, aroma and style. Frothing disappears when natural ghee preparation nears completion. Frothing seems, nearing completion of natural oil preparation. When these signs are discovered, the heating of oil / ghee ought to be stopped and the vessel ought to be taken out of fireplace.
Avaleha paka lakshana: Indicators of completion of preparation of natural jams
लेहस्य तन्तुमत्ताऽप्सु मज्जनं सरणं न च ।
When making ready Avaleha, (when a bit of natural jam is taken between the fingers), it causes threads, when the paste of Avaleha is dropped in water, it settles down and it doesn’t unfold.
Forms of snehapaka
पाकस्तु त्रिविधो मन्दश्चिक्कणः खरचिक्कणः ॥ १९ ॥ मन्दः कल्कसमे किट्टे चिक्कणो मदनोपमे ।
किञ्चित्सीदति कृष्णे च वर्त्यमाने च पश्चिमः ॥ २० ॥ दग्धोऽत ऊर्ध्वं निष्कार्यः स्यादामस्त्वग्निसादकृत्।
Snehapaka is of three sorts Manda, Chikkana and khara Chikkana. Manda – The cooked paste within the Sneha, if taken out, it will likely be much like kalka in texture. Chikkana – on this state, the cooked paste will probably be like Madana – like bee’s wax. Past this stage is Khara Chikkana, on this stage, the paste will probably be heavy and granular and doesn’t type a wick when rolled between the fingers, paste turns darkish or undercooked Sneha causes lower of digestion power. black in color past the Khara Chikkana stage, is the burnt stage of Snehapaka, it isn’t medically helpful, the uncooked, it diminishes digestive hearth.
Utility of sneha, primarily based on degree of paka
मृदुर्नस्ये खरोऽभ्यङ्गे पाने वस्तौ च चिक्कणः ॥ २१ ॥
Mrudupaka sneha is beneficial as nasal drops, Khara stage of Sneha is beneficial in therapeutic massage, for oral consumption and utilization in Basti therapy, Chikkana stage of Snehapaka is good to make use of.
Mana – Models of measurement: Simplified method
शाणं पाणितलं मुष्टिं कुडवं प्रस्थमाढकम् ।
द्रोणं वहं च क्रमशो विजानीयाच्चतुर्गुणम् ॥ २२ ॥
śāṇaṃ – Shana,
pāṇitalaṃ – panitala,
muṣṭiṃ – mushti,
kuḍavaṃ – kudava,
prasthaṃ – prastha,
āḍhakam – adaka,
droṇaṃ – drona
vahaṃ – vaha
These are 4 occasions the amount of earlier items (i.e. 4 Shana = 1 pani tala, 4 panitala = 1 mushti and so forth) On this approach they need to be understood.
Guidelines for taking recent herbs when dry herbs aren’t accessible
द्विगुणं योजयेदार्द्रं कुडवादि तथा द्रवम् ।
Within the absence of dry herbs, moist herbs ought to be utilized in double portions. Within the items of measurement reminiscent of Kudava and so forth.
Anukta grahana: Default guidelines
पेषणालोडने वारि स्नेहपाके च निर्द्रवे ॥ २३ ॥
कल्पयेत्सदृशान् भागान् प्रमाणं यत्र नोदितम् ।
कल्कीकुर्याच्च भैषज्यमनिरूपितकल्पनम् ॥ २४ ॥
अङ्गानुक्तौ तु मूलं स्यादप्रसिद्धौ तदेव तु ।
Whereas making ready a paste or dissolving or an natural ghee / oil method, if the liquid will not be specified, then water is taken by default. Wherever the amount of particular person substances will not be specified, plan every ingredient in equal proportion. If the dosage type of formulation – will not be specified, then Kalka – natural paste of the herb ought to be thought of because the default dosage type. When the a part of the plant will not be specified, then the basis ought to be taken, these are the well-known guidelines to observe.
Detailed Mana paribhasha: Models of measurements
षड्वंश्यस्तु मरीचिः स्यात्षण्मरीच्यस्तु सर्षपः ।
तण्डुलः सर्षपास्त्वष्टौ धान्यमाषस्तु तौ यवः ॥ २५१+ (१) ॥
तावण्डिका चतुर्भिस्तैर्माषकः शाणकस्तथा ॥ २५१+ (२)अब् ॥
अक्षं पिचुः पाणितलं सुवर्णं कवलग्रहः ।
कर्षो बिडालपदकं तिन्दुकः पाणिमानिका ॥ २६ ॥
शब्दान्यत्वमभिन्नेऽर्थे शुक्तिरष्टमिका पिचू ।
पलं प्रकुञ्चो बिल्वं च मुष्टिराम्रं चतुर्थिका ॥ २७ ॥
द्वे पले प्रसृतस्तौ द्वावञ्जलिस्तौ तु मानिका ।
आढकं भाजनं कंसो द्रोणः कुम्भो घटोऽर्मणम् ॥ २८ ॥
तुला पलशतं तानि विंशतिर्भार उच्यते ।
6 Vamshi, 1 Mareechi, 6 Mareechi is the same as 1 Sarshapa
sarṣapā: tu taṇḍulaḥ aṣṭau dhānya māṣa: tu tau yavaḥ – 8 Sarshapa = 1 Tandula, 8 Tandula = 1 Dhanya masha, 2 Dhanya Masha = 1 Yava
tau aṇḍikā caturbhi: tai: māṣakaḥ śāṇaka: tathā – 4 Yava = 1 Andika, 4 Andika = 1 Masha, 4 Masha = 1 Shaana / Shaanaka.
akṣaṃ picuḥ pāṇitalaṃ suvarṇaṃ kavalagrahaḥ – 2 Shaana = 1 Vataka = Kola, Badara, Dramshana, 2 Vataka = 1 Aksha, Pichu, Panitala, Suvarna, Kavalagraha,
karṣo biḍālapadakaṃ tindukaḥ pāṇimānikā – Karsha, Vidalapadaka, Tinduka, Panimanika
Śabda anyatvaṃ abhinne arthe śukti: aṣṭamikā picū – 2 Aksha (or 2 Pichu) = 1 Shukti, Ashtamika
palaṃ prakuñco bilvaṃ ca muṣṭi: āmraṃ caturthikā – 2 Shukti = Pala, Prakuncha, Bilva, Mushti, Amra, Chaturtika
dve pale prasṛta: tau dvau añjali: tau tu mānikā – 2 Pala = 1 prasruti, 2 prasruta = 1 Anjali ,Kudava, 2 Anjali = 1 Manika = 8 Pala.
āḍhakaṃ bhājanaṃ kaṃso droṇaḥ kumbho ghaṭo armaṇam – 16 Anjali or 16 Kudava = 1 Adhaka, Adhaka, Bhajana and Kamsa are synonyms, 4 Adhaka = 1 Drona, Kumbha, Ghata and Armana.
100 pala is the same as 1 Tula, 20 Tula is the same as Bhara.
Place for herb assortment
हिमवद्विन्ध्यशैलाभ्यां प्रायो व्याप्ता वसुन्धरा ॥ २९ ॥
सौम्यं पथ्यं च तत्राद्यमाग्नेयं वैन्ध्यमौषधम् ॥ २९ऊअब् ॥
Preferrred earth for herb assortment, spans between Vindhya mountains and Himalayas. For chilly efficiency and congenial herbs, Himalaya is appropriate, for herbs of sizzling efficiency, Vindhya mountains is good place for herb assortment.
इति श्री वैद्यपति सिंहगुप्तसूनु श्रीमद्वाग्भटविरचितायामष्टाङ्गहृदयसंहितायां पञ्चमे कल्पसिद्धिस्थाने द्रव्यकल्पो नाम षष्ठोऽध्याय: ॥ ६ ॥
Thus, ends the chapter Dravyakalpam – the sixth in Kalpa-Siddhi- Sthana of Astanghrdaya Samhita composed by Srimad Vagbhta, son of Vaidyapati Simhagupta.
